Renaissance Architecure Style

1400-1600: Renaissance

 

Between 1400 and 1600, Classical ideas were reborn in Italy and northern Europe. This period is known as the Renaissance, which means born anew in French.

Before the dawn of the Renaissance, Europe was dominated by asymmetrical and ornateGothic architecture. During the Renaissance, however, architects were inspired by the highly symmetrical and carefully proportioned buildings of Classical Greece and Rome.

Features of Renaissance Buildings:

• Symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors
• Extensive use of Classical columns and pilasters
• Triangular pediments

Pediment over old Carnegie Library entrance, Traverse City, Michigan

• Square lintels
• Arches
• Domes
• Niches with sculptures

Phases of the Renaissance:

Artists in Northern Italy were exploring new ideas for centuries before the period we call the Renaissance. However, the 1400s and 1500s brought an explosion of talent and innovation. During the early 1400s, the painter and architect Filippo Brunelleschi designed the great Duomo (cathedral) dome. Brunelleschi also rediscovered the principles of linear perspective.

During the 1500s, the great Renaissance painter Michelangelo Buonarroti painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and designed the dome for St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

 A Classical approach to architecture spread through Europe, thanks to books by two important Renaissance architects:

• The Five Orders of Architecture (compare prices) by Giacomo da Vignola
• The Four Books of Architecture (compare prices) by Andrea Palladio

As Renaissance approaches to building spread to France, Spain, Holland, Germany, Russia, and England, each country incorporated its own building traditions and created its own version of Classicism. By the 1600s, ornate Baroque architecture emerged and became the dominant style in Europe.

Long after the Renaissance period ended, however, architects were inspired by Renaissance ideas. At the turn of the twentieth century, American architects like Richard Morris Hunt designed grand Renaissance Revival style homes that resembled palaces and villas from Renaissance Italy

Gothic Architecture Style

1100-1450: Gothic

Early in the 12th century, new ways of building meant that cathedrals and other large buildings could reach soaring heights

How Gothic Architecture Began
Gothic architecture began mainly in France where builders began to adapt the earlier Romanesque style. Builders were also influenced by the pointed arches and elaborate stonework of Moorish architecture in Spain. One of the earliest Gothic buildings was the ambulatory of the abbey of St. Denis in France, built between 1140 and 1144.

Originally, Gothic architecture was known as the French Style. During the Renaissance, after the French Style had fallen out of fashion, artisans mocked it. They coined the word Gothicto suggest that French Style buildings were the crude work of German (Goth) barbarians. Although the label wasn't accurate, the name Gothic remained.

Gothic architecture has many of these features:

• Pointed Arches. Gothic builders found that pointed arches could support more weight than perpendicular walls. With pointed arches supporting the roof, walls could be thinner.

 

• Ribbed Vaulting. Instead of solid walls, builders used a series of columns that branched up into arches. With fewer solid walls, buildings appeared lighter and more delicate.

• Flying Buttresses. Free-standing brick and stone arches helped support exterior walls, allowing them to reach greater heights.

• Stained Glass Windows. Since the walls were no longer the only supports, Gothic buildings could include large areas of glass.

• Elaborate Sculptures. Gargoyles and other sculptures had both practical and decorative functions.

3,050 BC-900 BC: Ancient Egypt

Architecture History : Ancient Egypt

 

Construction in Ancient Egypt
Wood was not widely available in the arid Egyptian landscape. Houses in ancient Egypt were made with blocks of sun-baked mud. Flooding of the Nile River and the ravages of time destroyed most of these ancient homes.

Much of what we know about ancient Egypt is based on great temples and tombs, which were made with granite and limestone and decorated with hieroglyphics, carvings, and brightly colored frescoes. The ancient Egyptians didn't use mortar, so the stones were carefully cut to fit together.

Pyramids in Egypt
The development of the pyramid form allowed Egyptians to build enormous tombs for their kings. The sloping walls could reach great heights because their weight was supported by the wide pyramid base. An innovative Egyptian named Imhotep is said to have designed one of the earliest of the massive stone monuments, the Step Pyramid of Djoser (2,667 BC - 2,648 BC).

Columns in Egypt
Builders in ancient Egypt didn't use load-bearing arches. Instead, columns were placed close together to support the heavy stone entablature above. Brightly painted and elaborately carved, the columns often mimicked palms, papyrus plants, and other plant forms. Over the centuries, at least thirty distinct column styles evolved. Learn more:Egyptian Column Styles

Influences of Egyptian Architecture
Archaeological discoveries in Egypt reawakened an interest in the ancient temples and monuments. Egyptian Revival architecture became fashionable during the 1800s. In the early 1900s, the discovery of King Tut's tomb stirred a fascination for Egyptian artifacts and the rise of Art Deco architecture.

850 BC-476 AD: Classical

Architecture History Photo Guide: Classical Architecture

How Classical Architecture Began
From the rise of ancient Greece until the fall of the Roman empire, great buildings were constructed according to precise rules. The Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius, who lived during first century BC, believed that builders should use mathematical principles when constructing temples. "For without symmetry and proportion no temple can have a regular plan," Vitruvius wrote in his famous treatise De Architectura, or Ten Books on Architecture(compare prices).

The Classical Orders
In his writings, Marcus Vitruvius introduced the Classical orders, which defined column styles and entablature designs used in Classical architecture. The earliest Classical orders were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.

Classical Periods
700 BC-323 BC: Greek. The Doric column was first developed in Greece and it was used for great temples, including the famous Parthenon in Athens. Simple Ionic columns were used for smaller temples and building interiors.

323 BC-146 BC: Hellenistic. When Greece was at the height of its power in Europe and Asia, the empire built elaborate temples and secular buildings with Ionic and Corinthian columns. The Hellenistic period ended with conquests by the Roman Empire.

44 BC-476 AD: Roman. The Romans borrowed heavily from the earlier Greek and Hellenistic styles, but their buildings were more highly ornamented. They used Corinthian and composite style columns along with decorative brackets. The invention of concrete allowed the Romans to build arches, vaults, and domes. A famous example of Roman architecture is the Roman Colosseum. To learn more about architecture in Ancient Rome, see: Architecture of the Ancient Roman Empire. To view 3D images of Rome as it looked in 320 AD, download the free Google Earth.

From Classical to Neoclassical
More than 1,500 years after the Roman architect Vitruvius wrote his important book, the Renaissance architect Giacomo da Vignola outlined Vitruvius's ideas in a treatise titled The Five Orders of Architecture (compare prices). Published in 1563, The Five Orders of Architecture became a guide for builders throughout western Europe.

In 1570, another Renaissance architect, Andrea Palladio, used the new technology of movable type to publish I Quattro Libri dell' Architettura, or The Four Books of Architecture(compare prices). In this book, Palladio showed how Classical rules could be used not just for grand temples but also for private villas. Palladio's ideas spread across Europe and into the New World, giving rise to a variety of Neoclassical styles.

History Of Architecture

Architecture in Prehistoric Times 
Before recorded history, humans constructed stone circles, megaliths, and other structures.

Ancient Egypt 
3,050 BC to 900 BC In ancient Egypt, powerful rulers constructed monumental pyramids, temples, and shrines.

Romanesque
500 to 1200 AD As Rome spread across Europe, heavier, stocky Romanesque architecture with rounded arches emerged.

Gothic Architecture
1100 to 1450 AD Innovative builders created the great cathedrals of Europe.

Renaissance Architecture
1400 to 1600 AD A return to classical ideas ushered an "age of "awakening" in Italy, France, and England.

Baroque Architecture
1600 to 1830 AD In Italy, the Baroque style is reflected in opulent and dramatic churches with irregular shapes and extravagant ornamentation. In France, the highly ornamented Baroque style combines with Classical restraint. Russian aristorcrats were impressed by Versailles in France, and incorporated Baroque ideas in the building of St. Petersburg. Elements of the elaborate Baroque style are found throughout Europe.

Rococo Architecture
1650 to 1790 AD During the last phase of the Baroque period, builders constructed graceful white buildings with sweeping curves.

American Colonial Architecture
1600 to 1780 AD European settlers in the New World borrowed ideas from their homelands to create their own breed of architecture.

Georgian Architecture
1720 to 1800 AD Georgian was a stately, symmetrical style that dominated in Great Britain and Ireland and influenced building styles in the American colonies.

Neoclassical / Federalist / Idealist
1730 to 1925 AD A renewed interest in ideas of Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio inspired a return of classical shapes in Europe, Great Britain and the United States.

Greek Revival Architecture
1790 to 1850 AD These classical buildings and homes often feature columns, pediments and other details inspired by Greek forms. Antebellum homes in the American south were often built in the Greek Revival style.

Victorian Architecture
1840 to 1900 AD Industrialization brought many innovations in architecture. Victorian styles include Gothic Revival, Italianate, Stick, Eastlake, Queen Anne, Romanesque and Second Empire.

Arts and Crafts Movement in Architecture 

1860 to 1900 AD Arts and Crafts was a late 19th-century backlash against the forces of industrialization. The Arts and Crafts movement revived an interest in handicrafts and sought a spiritual connection with the surrounding environment, both natural and manmade. The Craftsman Bungalow evolved from the Arts and Crafts movement.

Art Nouveau Architecture
1890 to 1914 AD Known as the New Style, Art Nouveau was first expressed in fabrics and graphic design. The style spread to architecture and furniture in the 1890s. Art Nouveau buildings often have asymmetrical shapes, arches and decorative surfaces with curved, plant-like designs.

Beaux Arts Architecture
1895 to 1925 AD Also known as Beaux Arts Classicism, Academic Classicism, or Classical Revival, Beaux Arts architecture is characterized by order, symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and elaborate ornamentation.

Neo-Gothic Architecture
1905 to 1930 AD In the early twentieth century, medieval Gothic ideas were applied to modern skyscrapers.

Art Deco Architecture
1925 to 1937 AD Zigzag patterns and vertical lines create dramatic effect on jazz-age, Art Deco buildings.

20th Century Trends in Architecture
1900 to Present. The century has seen dramatic changes and astonishing diversity. Twentieth century trends include Art Moderne and the Bauhaus school coined by Walter Gropius, Deconstructivism, Formalism, Modernism, Structuralism, and Postmodernism.

Diamond Arena

Do you remember with olypic beijing? There is a stadium as an icon it's called bird nest. But now there is a new stadium ,It is so unique even not spectacular like bird nest .The stadium name is Diamond Arena

With the grand opening of China Open 2011 on September 25 in Beijing, the China National Tennis Center designed by Beijing-based architectural practice Atelier 11 is officially completed and ready to welcome the top players from the world, including Robin Soderling, Li Na, and Caroline Wozniacki, and hundreds of thousands of tennis fans from China and abroad.

Courtesy of Atelier 11

Following a coherent design approach, 16 sets of V-shaped columns are used to form the structure of the Center to support the grandstand and outdoor maintenance facilities and at the same time create a simplistic triangular motif for the overall design. By extracting the visual elements out of the structure itself and eliminating unnecessary decorations, the architecture displays its grace and beauty with a pure balance between form, material, and construction. Built with concrete for the main body, the architecture is given a solid volume and magnificent perception value.

Section

Called as Diamond Arena for its shape and important status in China’s sports field, the Center can seat 15,000 audiences with its state-of-art facilities. A collapsible steel roof is designed to react on the weather change during the games. With a maximum opening of 60x70m towards the sky, it has the biggest opening scale in Asia and takes 12 minutes to perform an opening procedure. Divided into 2 layers and 4 units, the roof can be opened in the direction of east and west, and then be stacked in the storage space built under the fixed part of the roof on both ends. Using a material with good light perviousness for the roof, the center will use natural daylight to provide the lighting required by the games during the daytime; so that the requirements both on energy-saving and management cost control can be satisfied.

Courtesy of Atelier 11

Besides the regular seating rows spreading around the stadium, two floors of glass boxes are placed around the bottom part of the grandstand to seat important guests or be used for special group activities. The boxes provide more exclusive seats for a better view within the limited space.

Courtesy of Atelier 11

Another significant feature of the design is a circular observation deck on the 7th floor of the Center where the highest seats are located. With an open space running around the whole building, the deck allows the audience to enjoy a 360° sightseeing to the Olympic Park next to the Center, which would be an exclusive attraction to the audience during the break of the games.

Courtesy of Atelier 11

The Center takes full advantage of the site to cope with the traffic issues in and outside the stadium. Audience can enter the venue via the terrace on the second floor; while staff, VIPs and players can directly get into the Center from under the terrace. So the possible conflict in the flow lines is reduced to its minimum and the comfort in the interior space can be achieved. Outside the Center, the entry and exit channels for each group are carefully divided without interference, which guarantees a well-organized traffic flow inside the stadium even if with its maximum capacity.

Plan

Text provided by Atelier 11

Burnham Pavilon (unique pavilion from Zaha Hadid )

The figure of Daniel Burnham has been very important for the city of Chicago as we currently know it,  as he was one of the authors of the Plan of Chicago, also known as the Burnham Plan,  which reshaped Chicago’s central area starting in 1909.  To celebrate the centennial of this plan several events have been held during this year, such as the Union Station 2020 competition and the Burnham Memorial competition. Also, two pavilions by UN Studio and Zaha Hadid have been temporally  installed at the Millenium Park (read our previous article about this), hosting multimedia exhibits on the future of Chicago. The pavilions will be opened to the public until Oct 31st, 2009.

Zaha Hadid Architects´s pavilion merges new formal concepts with the memory of Burnham’s bold, historic urban planning. Superimpositions of spatial structures with hidden traces of Burnham’s Plan are overlaid and inscribed within the structure to create a dynamic form.

The pavilion lokk's like a cocon it's so unique in day light the color is white but in the night the color can be change in many colorfull

Zaha Hadid

In architecture there are a lot of architect but there is one famous female architect. Her design very dinamyc there are no cubism and minimalise in her masterpiece. She always make a futuristic design. Her name is Zaha Hadid she is one of my favourite architect.

Here is her profile:

Hadid was born in 1950 in Baghdad, Iraq. She received a degree in mathematics from the American University of Beirut before moving to study at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London.

After graduating she worked with her former teachers, Rem Koolhaas and Elia Zenghelis at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture, becoming a partner in 1977. It was with Koolhaas that she met the engineer Peter Rice who gave her support and encouragement early on, at a time when her work seemed difficult to build. In 1980 she established her own London-based practice. During the 1980s she also taught at the Architectural Association. She has also taught at prestigious institutions around the world; she held the Kenzo Tange Chair at the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, the Sullivan Chair at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Architecture, guest professorships at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste in Hamburg, the Knowlton School of Architecture, at The Ohio State University, the Masters Studio at Columbia University, New York and the Eero Saarinen Visiting Professor of Architectural Design at the Yale School of Architecture in New Haven, Connecticut. In addition, she was made Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. She has been on the Board of Trustees of The Architecture Foundation. She is currently Professor at the University of Applied Arts Vienna in Austria.

Here some pics of her masterpiece:

spiral tower

Nugaric and contemporary art museum, italy

Pace Pentago0n

Cultural centre house , Dubai

List of 10 Tallest Buildings in the world

Number 1
Nakhel Tower
Location: Dubai
Project finishi (target): 2020
Highi: 3,281 ft
Architect : Woods Bagot



Number 2

Burj Dubai
Location : Dubai
project finish : 2009
High : 2600 ft
The tallest buildings in the world becaus nakhel tower still in progress

Numberr 3
Pentominium
Location : Dubai
Project finish : 2012
High : 2028 ft



Number 4
Russia Tower
Location : Rusia
Project finish : 2012

High : 2009 ft
Architect : British architects Foster + Partners



Number 5
Chicago Spire
Locationi : Chicago
Project finish : 2012
High : 2000 ft
The Chicago Spire didesain oleh arsitektur spanyol Santiago Calatrava


Number 6
Meccah clock royal tower
Location : Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Project finish : 2010
High : 1893 ft
The clock will be 5 times bigger than bigben in London


Number 7
China 117 Tower
Location : Tianjin, Cina
Project finish : 2013
High: 1870 ft

Number 8
Doha Convention center Tower
Location : Doha Qatar
Project Finish : 2012
High : 1808 ft


Number 9
World Trade Center One
Location : New York AS
Project finish : 2013
High: 1776 ft



Number 10
Burj Al Alam
Location : Dubai
Project finish : 2011
High: 1674
Architect :Nikken Sekkei

New concept living LILYPAD

There are very few urban design solutions that address housing the inevitable tide of displaced people that could arise as oceans swell under global warming. Certainly none are as spectacular as this one. The Lilypad, by Vincent Callebaut, is a concept for a completely self-sufficient floating city intended to provide shelter for future climate change refugees. The intent of the concept itself is laudable, but it is Callebaut’s phenomenal design that has captured our imagination.










Biomimicry was clearly the inspiration behind the design. The Lilypad, which was designed to look like a waterlily, is intended to be a zero emission city afloat in the ocean. Through a number of technologies (solar, wind, tidal, biomass), it is envisioned that the project would be able to not only produce it’s own energy, but be able to process CO2 in the atmosphere and absorb it into its titanium dioxide skin.



Each of these floating cities are designed to hold approximately around 50,000 people. A mixed terrain man-made landscape, provided by an artificial lagoon and three ridges, create a diverse environment for the inhabitants. Each Lilypad is intended to be either near a coast, or floating around in the ocean, traveling from the equator to the northern seas, according to where the gulf stream takes it.
The project isn’t even close to happening anytime soon, but there is value in future forward designs like the Lilypad. They inspire creative solutions, which at some point, may actually provide a real solution to the climate change problem.

The Great Architects in the world from A - Z!!!

http://architecture.about.com/od/architectsaz/Great_Architects_AZ.htm

Top 10 best design stations

1. Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Jerman



Berlin Hauptbahnhof is Europe's largest train station, Berlin Hauptbahnhof have a very modern building construction, and has a futuristic architecture. The overall construction of this railway station was completed in 2006. This station has 2 levels, 14 and 80 stand part of the store who all made ​​as comfortable as possible for visitors to remember this station is a vital railway station in Germany. The building is composed of metal and glass panels that allow sunlight shining into the building

2. Kuala Lumpur railway Station. Malaysia



Train station in Malaysia is actually a fairly old train station, the station in ipun pambangunan recently completed in 1920, so do not be surprised if the shape is very stylish building construction kekuno-old's. But make no mistake, though old-fashioned style, this train station still look elegant. This is because the construction of this building combines western style and Malay, so the old impression that looks just adds more historical and cultural value, even some people just judge that the station is more suitable when called to the castle.

3. North Park Cable Way, Austria


North Park cable way is one of the largest stations in Austria which is located in the city of Innsbruck. Construction of architecture Cable Way North Park was designed by architect Zaha Hadid's studio. Although the roof of the station building is built like an abstract wave shape, but this is precisely the roof that adds to the impression futuristic tasiun this train.





4. La Gare de Strasbourg, Perancis


Train station La Gare de Strasbourg first designed in 1883 by an architect from Berlin named Johann Jacobsthal, then renovated again in 2007. In this renovation, added to the framework of glass and glass construction of 120 meters on the outside, so that this station seems like a gem that shines when struck by sunlight.





5. Stasiun Kanazawa, Jepang


 The first architecture to be seen by visitors at this station is a large gate height of 14 meters dengahn like traditional Japanese-style gate, sedngkan at the station, the architecture of the most impressive is the dome that covers the part that connects the east and west consists of 3,000 glass panels. The station is also known as a station that blends traditional style with modern architecture-based wood-based metal.





6. Southern Cross Station, Australia



The Southern Cross Station is a train station located in Melbourne. As one of the most vital railway station in Australia, would not be surprised if the architecture of the station building is very impressive. The most interesting feature of this building is a corrugated roof. mengesankanya even so, until the station was awarded the Lubetkin Prize by the Royal Institute of British Architects, an award for new buildings of high architectural located outside the European Union

7. Estacion de Atocha, Spanyol


 have you seen the forest at the station, if not yet, you have to visit the Estacion de Atocha in Spain. The tap was at the station was made a park that resembles a miniature jungle to add to the impression of nature at this station. The station was originally built in 1851, then in 1992, begin to add a mini forest covering an area of ​​4,000 meters work of Rafael Moneo.





8. Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus, India



 The station is located in the city of Mumbai and is one of the busiest stations in India. Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus was designed by Frederick William Stevens, an English architect. High architectural value that is in this station is the blending of two models of Gothic architecture which is between the model of Western and traditional Indian model, thus judged to have more value to the world-19an century architecture. In 2004 the station was written in the list of World Heritage site as one of the world's heritage buildings.

9. Antwerpen Central Station, Belgia


 The station was built between the years 1895 until 1905. Railway Cathedral. This train station has a unique building, which is like a church with a large dome on its roof, as well as a small dome on the flanks of the upper corner of the building, therefore the tek wonder if the wider community more often refer to this station as the train station Cathedral.






10. St Pancras Station, Inggris


 Train station is located in London England and was built between the years 1864 until 1868. The architecture of this building is very impressive, In accordance with pembuatanya years, this building has an ancient atmosphere that is very thick, with typical British architecture and Gothic styles combined with the light. At this station there are also two 9-meter-high statue made ​​of bronze. At this station there is also the longest champagne bar du globe.